A survey of Nanjing

      Nanjing is situated in the hilly areas of Nanjing and Zhenjiang in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, at 32°03'N and 118°47'E. It borders with the Yangtze River Delta to the east and the hilly areas of South Anhui to the west, adjacent to the water network of Taihu Lake in the south and the Jianghuai Plain in the north. With the "golden waterway" Yangtze River flowing through the city, it is 380km from the Yangtze River estuary to the sea, and about 300km to Shanghai, the largest city of China.

　 Administration Zones (Maps of Nanjing Administration Zones and Urban Area)
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province, now has under its jurisdiction eleven districts of Xuanwu, Baixia, Jianye, Gulou, Qinhuai, Xiaguan, Yuhuatai, Qixia, Jiangning, Luhe and Pukou and two counties of Lishui and Gaocun. The total area is 6598 square kilometers, including 4728 square kilometers as urban area, and its total population is 6.4 million.

Climate

　 Nanjing is in the monsoon climate area of north subtropical zone, with clearly divided four seasons. Its annual average temperature is 16℃, and the annual average precipitation 1034 mm.

Economic Development

Industry

　 Nanjing is one of important industrial bases in East China with strong industrial economic strength, accounting for about 1% of the country total in terms of gross industrial capability, and over 40% of the total economic volume of the municipality. Nanjing has a complete range of industrial sectors, with some outstanding components. Nanjing has built up a comprehensive industrial system with five mainstay industries of petrochemical, electronics, automobile, steel and power. information, petroleum and chemical and manufacture, covering 36 sectors of over 200 categories with more than 2000 major varieties.

Electronics and information industry

　 The electronics and information industry in Nanjing has a strong capability in both scientific research and production, its production scale ranking the second place among all cities in the country. There are 400 enterprises of various types and 29 research institutes in the field of electronics in the city. In 25 tertiary schools, there are 101 departments (institutes and research centers) for electronics, with over 20,000 engineers and technicians in this field. The electronic industry in Nanjing has a complete range of categories, with nearly 2000 types of products, covering IC design and manufacture, new type monitors, micro electromechanical elements, computer and network products, telecommunication products, system engineering, software, digital video and audio products and information household electrical appliances.

Petroleum industry

       Nanjing is one of the largest petrochemical industry bases of China, its overall production capacity ranking the second place in the country. There are the largest production plants for ethylene, aromatics and alkylbenzene in the country. In the petrochemical products, the output of finished oil, chemical fertilizer, polyester and refined PTA all ranks the first place respectively in the country. A number of world famous chemical enterprises, such as BASF and BAYER of Germany, DSM of Holland and SHELL have built their bases in Nanjing.

Automobile manufacture industry

　   Nanjing is one of the production bases for light automobiles and motorcycles in China. Here, not only medium, light and mini type freight vehicles, special purpose vehicles, passenger cars, and motorcycles are made in hundreds of varieties, there are also enterprises manufacturing automobile components at high starting level. The Fiat Group of Italy and Suzuki Co., Ltd. of Japan have set up joint ventures of Nanjing Iveco, Nanya and Jincheng ?C Suzuki in Nanjing.

Machine building industry

       The machine building industry in Nanjing has its unique features, and it has formed an industrial distribution pattern with the main bodies as power transmission equipment, machine tools and tools, agricultural machinery, general purpose machinery, and light industry machinery. Among them, gas turbine generator sets, high voltage porcelain, spark plugs, NC machine tools, air compressors and high speed heavy duty gearboxes have demonstrated obvious superiority among the products of counterparts in the country.

Biological engineering and pharmaceutical industry

　 There are now in Nanjing 45 western and Chinese traditional medicine producers, companies, tertiary schools in pharmaceutical technology and pharmaceutical research institutes, with over 20,000 specialized technical personnel. The main products include raw medicine materials of over 30 varieties in 13 categories, over 300 varieties of medicine in injections, tablets and capsules, over 200 varieties of herb and concocted traditional Chinese medicine, and over 200 types of medical apparatus.

Industries with unique characteristics

　 Nanjing also has fairly developed industries of iron and steel, new type building materials, foodstuff and beverage, light industry and textiles in considerable size. Those products with their own unique features and to be developed in priority include NC machine tools, compressors, food processing, refrigeration equipment, analyzing instruments, microscopes, high grade cement, garment, cosmetics, gold wire, foil and decorations, and ceramic ware. They have basically formed series.

Agriculture

      Nanjing is located in the north subtropics zone having the monsoon climate. Boasting of vast hinterland, fertile land, stretching and undulating mountains and highly developed water systems, Nanjing has always the granary and a major tax collecting place of China. The whole city’s terrain is mainly composed of plains and hilly land. And therefore the city enjoys rich mountainous and water resources. Within its territory, hills and down land make up 60%, plain and low-lying paddy fields surrounded with dikes, 24% and water surface, 11%.

　   The suburbs of Nanjing have an area of 6314 square kilometers and consist of 5 districts i.e. Jiangning, Pukou, Liuhe, Qixia and Yuhuatai and 2 counties i.e. Lishui and Gaochun. Which have in total 58 towns and 24 residential subdistricts with a population of 3,494,000. The total capacity of farm machines of the whole city exceeds 1.7 million kw. The cultivated area of the city is 260 thousand hectares among which 200 thousand hectares are effectively irrigated area. As power, bus and telephone service and piped water are already available at every village, a rural market system that takes pedlars’ market as its foundation and specialized market as its backbone, links the urban area with the rural area and radiates to the whole state has been basically formed. In the suburbs, there are rich natural and humane landscape, presenting an excellent ecological environment. The Tiansheng Bridge of Lishui County, Pearl Spring of Pukou District, Peristele Forest of Liuhe County and Jiangjun Hill of Yuhuatai District Carry rich cultural connotation and bear distinct humane characteristics are beautiful in scenery, having enormous charm. Gaochun County that has long been known as “ a secred place south of the Yangtze River, and a land of fish and rice” is now a state-level demonstration county of ecology”.

　　In recent years, the urban farming such as characteristic farming, green farming, export-oriented farming, famous-brand-product farming and tourist farming has developed rapidly in Nanjing. The five dominant leading branches of agriculture i.e. forest horticulture, special vegetables, herbivore animals and poultry, special aquatic products and leisure-spending tourism have become the important pillars of Nanjing’s agriculture. The industry of flowers, plants and seedlings of Nanjing has a long history and now in Nanjing have initially been formed the seedling production area, lawn production area, potted flower production area and cut-flower production area. There have come to the fore a group of specialized flower, plant and seedling production bases including Nanjing Eastern Suburbs Flower and Plant Garden and Pukou Tangquan Seedling Area. Tangquan Town of Pukou. District is the Home of Seedlings of China the production of Tangquan-Brand cedar of which makes up 70% of the domestic market of cedar. The husbandry of Nanjing is diversified with many varieties of animals including Bohr sheep, tatu rabbits, black-beak ducks, Xianju chicken and David’s deer being cultivated Among the herbivore animals and poultry raised, recent years witnessed the rapid development of dairy. The dairy cattle raised in the city exceed 33000 in number. The processing capacity of milk products is over one million T per year. For the aquiculture, the industrial distribution pattern of “South crab, north pearl and central shrimp” has been formed. Nanjing is among the first group of cities in China where tourist farming is taken as the dominant industry that has been given key support from the government in its development.

Service Industry

Commerce

         Nanjing is a regional large commercial port only next to Shanghai in East China, with developed market and active commercial and trading circulation. It ranks among the “top ten” cities in the country in terms of total amount of commodity retails.
　　Located by Yangtze River and close to the sea, and linking the broad hinterland area, Nanjing has initially formed a center area of grand commerce, grand market and grand circulation. There are now over 70,000 retail, catering and service stations and over 550 markets of various types. New type commerce such as chain stores, supermarkets and stockroom-style supermarkets are developing rapidly. Taiwan provincial RT-mart, American Wal-mart, Pricesmart, German OBI and French Auchan, Carrefour have invested in Nanjing.
　　The foodstuff market, daily industrial article market, air conditioner market, decoration material market, the collection of refined articles on Hunan Road and the collection of electronic products on Zhujiang Road are also influential in the country or East China. In all districts and most communities, a number of commercial service complexes have been fostered and constructed. The multi-element trend and application of network in the commercial center area of the city have greatly enhanced the attraction and radiating power of commerce and trading of the whole city, and the position of the city as a commercial and trading center becomes more outstanding.
The commerce in Nanjing has radiated to a number of provinces, such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. The market over the broad hinterland area is making Nanjing a modern commercial and trading center in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.

Banking

　　A modern banking system has been by and large formed in Nanjing. Policy-oriented banking has been separated from commercial banking, and the banking, securities and insurance sectors are not being operated and managed separately. A modern banking system with complete functions comprising of various commercial banks, credit cooperatives, trusting companies, finance companies, leasing companies, security companies and insurance companies have been initially established, and there are nearly 1500 banking operating and service spots in the whole municipality.

       Banks: There are 20 policy-oriented and commercial banks in Nanjing, with over 1000 service spots, including 3 branches of foreign banking institutions. All ATM’s in Nanjing have been connected in a unified network, and over 20 bankcards are generally accepted on the network. Bankcards with “Bank Union” has realized general acceptance across different regions and banks. “Self-service bank”, “Online banking service” and “Banksecurity” enables citizens to enjoy the convenience of banking services at home or offices.

        Security: There are now 26 listed companies in Nanjing, including 24 for stock A, 1 for stock B, 2 for stock H in Hong Kong, and 1 for Hong Kong Growing Enterprise Market, with a total market value of about 85 billion yuan. The total of 60 security business departments handle a stock transaction amount of about 190 billion yuan. There were 4 forwarding companies, and their transaction annual amount is over 50 billion yuan.
Insurance: Nanjing is among cities with the most concentrated domestic insurance entities in the country, and there exists the overall competition by state-owned companies, stock system companies, foreign-invested companies and insurance brokers, agents and valuing companies.

Tourism

　　Nanjing has a history of city construction for over 2470 years, and was made as capital in ten dynasties in history, known as one of the four major ancient capitals in China together with Beijing, Xi’an and Luoyang. Nanjing is a famous historical and cultural city and scenic tourist city of China.
　　Nanjing boasts very rich resources on tourism, with both natural resources of lake and hill scenery, and many historical and humanistic remains. There are over 200 resorts of different sizes, among them Zhongshan Scenic Resort and Qinhuai Scenic Belt are among the “Forty best scenic resorts and historical relics in China”, enjoying high reputation both at home and overseas. Zhongshan Scenic Resort has unique landscapes merging the hills, waters, city and forest into one, consisting of Zijin Mountain, Xuanwu Lake, Ming City Wall and Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, and it is rarely seen in all cities throughout the world. In addition, Qinhuai Scenic Belt and the scenic resorts of Stone City, along the Yangtze River, Qixia, Southern Suburb, Tangshan, the Gucheng and Shijiu Lakes and Jinniu Lake, and the tourist and holiday resorts of Pearl Spring and Wuxiang Temple all constitute good scenery of touring in Jinling.

　　Nanjing's travel service industry has initially formed a comprehensive system consisting of travel agencies, hotels, transportation, commerce and entertainment. Now Nanjing has 135 hotels designated for receiving overseas tourists, 101 star-rated hotels and 258 travel agencies.
　　The cloud brocade, with unique characteristics of Nanjing and reputed as the “living fossil” in brocade weaving in China, and the rain-flower stone known as “gem of the nation” have become representatives of tourist commodities in Nanjing. The delicious snacks with Qinhuai flavor and salted duck are enjoying high reputation both at home and abroad.

Opening to Outside World

International exchange

　　Nanjing has established friendly city relations with 12 cities, such as Nagoya of Japan, St. Louis of the US, Florence of Italy, Eindhoven of the Netherlands, Leipzig City of Germany, and London of Canada, and is conducting extensive exchanges and cooperation with them in economy, trade, science and technology, culture and education. Nanjing is in active exchanges and cooperation with the US, Japan Korea and the EU countries. Over 400 foreign companies have established their representative offices in Nanjing.

Open economy

Utilization of foreign investment

　　Nanjing has promulgated a number of local regulations to encourage foreign investment, and established foreign related law offices, accountant offices and audit offices, hospitals and international schools, Nanjing Merchant Service Center, Foreign Company Complaint Center, and Association of Enterprises with Foreign Investment, specifically offering information consultation and services for foreign companies to make investment in Nanjing.
　　Nanjing has approved over 8000 enterprises with foreign investment, of which nearly 50% have put into production and started operation. The actual total amount of foreign investment has exceeded USD 10 billion. The investors are from over 80 countries and regions in the world.

Foreign trade

      There are nearly 2000 enterprises in Nanjing with actual import and export transactions, and the products operated including machinery, electrical products, instruments, textiles and garment, metals and minerals, chemicals, medicine and healthcare products, light industrial products and handicrafts, grain, oil, local and animal products. In 2002, the total value of import and export in Nanjing area was USD 14.7 billion, including USD 7.7 billion as export, and commodities were exported to 180 countries and regions.

International cooperation

       Nanjing is operating labor and technology major and medium contracting projects in over 30 sectors, such as building, telecommunication, electronics, chemical engineering, machine building, survey, marine shipping, health caring, harbor construction and dredging, decoration and erection of complete sets of equipment in over 60 countries and regions throughout the world. Nanjing has established nearly 100 sole invested, joint venture enterprises and offices in many countries and regions such as the United States, Singapore, Colombia, Australia Uruguay, Mexico, Kuwait, Russia and Macao, etc.

Construction of development zones

        Nanjing now has 4 state-level development zones and 6 provincial level development zones, respectively for high technology, economic and technological development, agriculture and tourism.
　　Accumulated investment in the development zones have reached 15 billion yuan, and there are over 5000 enterprises in the development zones, including over 1000 with foreign investment, with actual amount of foreign investment exceeding USD3.7 billion.
In the development zone construction, emphasis has been placed on creating unique features and innovation. Nanjing has established the IT Industrial Park, Biological and Pharmaceutical Industrial Park and Jiangsu Software Park, Semiconductor 　　　　　　　　　　Photoelectricity Technology Park, which have produced fairly great effect to aggregate resources and marketing, attracting a number of technology intensive projects with foreign investment to settle down in the development zones, including some invested by enterprises ranking among the top 500 in the world. Among them, above 40 companies from 10 countries, such as the US, Japan and Germany, among the top 500 in the world, have established over 70 enterprises in Nanjing, with a total amount of investment of USD 6 billion